Geography
Location: Central Africa. Bordering nations--Angola, Burundi,
Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Sudan, Rwanda,
Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia.
Area: 2.345 sq. km. (905,063 sq. mi.; about the size of the U.S. east
of the Mississippi).
Cities: Capital--Kinshasa (pop. 6.5 million). Regional
capitals--Bandundu, Bukavu, Goma, Kananga, Kindu, Kisangani,
Lubumbashi, Matadi, Mbandaka, Mbuji-Mayi.
Terrain: Varies from tropical rainforests to mountainous terraces,
plateau, savannas, dense grasslands, and mountains.
Climate: Equatorial; ranges from tropical rainforest in the Congo
River basin, hot and humid in much of the north and west, cooler and
drier in the south central area and the east.
People
Nationality: Noun and adjective--Congolese.
Population (2004 est.): 58 million.
Annual growth rate (2004 est.): 2.99%.
Ethnic groups: More than 200 African ethnic groups; the Luba , Kongo,
and Anamongo are some of the larger groupings of tribes.
Christian singles note-Religions (2004 est): Roman Catholic 50%,
Protestant 20%, other syncretic sects and traditional beliefs 10%,
Kimbanguist 10%, Muslim 10%.
Language: Official--French. National languages--Lingala,
Swahili, Kikongo, Tshiluba.
Education: Literacy (2004 est.)--65.5% in French or local
language. Schooling (2000 est.)--none 41.7%, primary 42.2%,
secondary 15.4%, university 0.7%.
Health (2004 est.): Infant mortality rate--94.69/1,000 live
births. Life expectancy--49 yrs.
Government
Type: Republic; highly centralized with executive power vested in the
president.
Independence: June 30, 1960 (from Belgium).
Constitution: June 24, 1967; amended August 1974; revised February 15,
1978; amended April 1990; transitional constitution promulgated April
1994; Constitutional Act promulgated May 1997; draft constitution
proposed but not finalized March 1998; transitional constitution
adopted on April 2, 2003.
Branches: Executive--President is head of state and head of
government, assisted by four vice presidents. Cabinet is 35-member
executive appointed by signatories to the December 17, 2002
all-inclusive agreement. There is no prime minister. Legislative--A
transitional parliament, consisting of approximately 500 members, is
based in Kinshasa; members are appointed by signatories to the
December 17, 2002 all-inclusive agreement. Judicial--Supreme
Court (Cour Supreme).
Administrative subdivisions: Ten provinces and the capital city,
Kinshasa. A provincial governor, who is appointed and dismissed by the
president, administers each province.
Political parties: President Joseph Kabila’s party is Parti du
Peuple pour la Reconstruction et le Developpement (PPRD) . Main
opposition parties include Union pour la Democratie et le Progres
Social (UDPS), Forces du Futur (FDF), Forces Novatrices pour l'Union
et la Solidarite (FONUS), Parti Democrate Social Chretien (PDSC),
Mouvement Social Democratie et Developpement (MSDD), Mouvement
Populaire de la Revolution--Fait Prive (MPR-FP), Union des
Nationalistes et des Federalistes Congolais (UNAFEC), and Mouvement
National Congolais/ Lumumba (MNC/L). Former rebel
movements-turned-political parties include the Rassemblement Congolais
pour la Democratie (RCD), Mouvement pour la Liberation du Congo (MLC),
and independent splinter groups of the RCD (RCD-ML, RCD-N).
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory.
Economy
GDP (2003): $5.6 billion.
Annual GDP growth rate (2003): 5%.
Per capita GDP (2003): $98.65.
Natural resources: Copper, cobalt, diamonds, gold, other minerals;
petroleum; wood; hydroelectric potential.
Agriculture: Cash crops--coffee, rubber, palm oil, cotton,
cocoa, sugar, tea. Food crops--manioc, corn, legumes,
plantains, peanuts.
Land use: Agriculture 3%; pasture 7%; forest/woodland 77%; other 13%.
Industry: Types--processed and unprocessed minerals; consumer
products, including textiles, plastics, footwear, cigarettes, metal
products; processed foods and beverages, cement, timber.
Currency: Congolese franc (FC).
Trade: Exports (2002)--$1.040 billion. Products--diamonds,
cobalt, copper, coffee, petroleum. Partners—E.U., Japan,
South Africa, U.S., China. Imports (2002)--$1.216 billion. Products--consumer
goods (food, textiles), capital equipment, refined petroleum products.
Partners—E.U., China, South Africa, U.S.
Total external debt (2002): $8.211 billion. (Currently under revision
due to HIPC decision point in 2003.)
GEOGRAPHY
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (D.R.C.) includes the greater
part of the Congo River basin, which covers an area of almost 1
million square kilometers (400,000 sq. mi.). The country's only outlet
to the Atlantic Ocean is a narrow strip of land on the north bank of
the Congo River.
The vast, low-lying central area is a basin-shaped plateau sloping
toward the west and covered by tropical rainforest. This area is
surrounded by mountainous terraces in the west, plateaus merging into
savannas in the south and southwest, and dense grasslands extending
beyond the Congo River in the north. High mountains are found in the
extreme eastern region.
D.R.C. lies on the Equator, with one-third of the country to the
north and two-thirds to the south. The climate is hot and humid in the
river basin and cool and dry in the southern highlands. South of the
Equator, the rainy season lasts from October to May and north of the
Equator, from April to November. Along the Equator, rainfall is fairly
regular throughout the year. During the wet season, thunderstorms
often are violent but seldom last more than a few hours. The average
rainfall for the entire country is about 107 centimeters (42 in.).
PEOPLE
The population of D.R.C .was estimated at 58 million in 2004. As many
as 250 ethnic groups have been distinguished and named. Some of the
larger groupings of tribes are the Kongo, Luba, and Anamongo. Although
700 local languages and dialects are spoken, the linguistic variety is
bridged both by the use of French and the intermediary languages
Kikongo, Tshiluba, Swahili, and Lingala.
Christian singles note-About 50% of the Congolese population is
Christian, predominantly Roman Catholic. Most of the non-Christians
adhere to either traditional religions or syncretic sects. Traditional
religions include concepts such as monotheism, animism, vitalism,
spirit and ancestor worship, witchcraft, and sorcery and vary widely
among ethnic groups; none is formalized. The syncretic sects often
merge Christianity with traditional beliefs and rituals. The most
popular of these sects, Kimbanguism, was seen as a threat to the
colonial regime and was banned by the Belgians. Kimbanguism,
officially "the church of Christ on Earth by the prophet Simon
Kimbangu," now claims about 3 million members, primarily among
the Bakongo tribe of Bas-Congo and Kinshasa. In 1969, it was the first
independent African church admitted to the World Council of Churches.
Before independence, education was largely in the hands of
religious groups. The primary school system was well developed at
independence; however, the secondary school system was limited, and
higher education was almost nonexistent in most regions of the
country. The principal objective of this system was to train low-level
administrators and clerks. Since independence, efforts have been made
to increase access to education, and secondary and higher education
have been made available to many more Congolese. According to
estimates made in 2000, 41.7% of the population has no schooling,
42.2% has primary schooling, 15.4% has secondary schooling, and 0.7%
has university schooling. At all levels of education, males greatly
outnumber females. The largest state-run universities are the
University of Kinshasa, the University of Lubumbashi, and the
University of Kisangani. The elite continue to send their children
abroad to be educated, primarily in Western Europe.